OAuth2.0 权限验证过程是咋样的，带你来解析

OAuth2.0最直观配置

我们知道，spring 中有很多内置的过滤器，我们一个普通的请求，会经过下图这些过滤器的处理

其中最重要的就是

org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.authentication.OAuth2AuthenticationProcessingFilter#doFilter

public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,
        ServletException {

    final boolean debug = logger.isDebugEnabled();
    final HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
    final HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;

    try {

        Authentication authentication = tokenExtractor.extract(request);

        if (authentication == null) {
            if (stateless && isAuthenticated()) {
                if (debug) {
                    logger.debug("Clearing security context.");
                }
                SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();
            }
            if (debug) {
                logger.debug("No token in request, will continue chain.");
            }
        }
        else {
            request.setAttribute(OAuth2AuthenticationDetails.ACCESS_TOKEN_VALUE, authentication.getPrincipal());
            if (authentication instanceof AbstractAuthenticationToken) {
                AbstractAuthenticationToken needsDetails = (AbstractAuthenticationToken) authentication;
                needsDetails.setDetails(authenticationDetailsSource.buildDetails(request));
            }
            Authentication authResult = authenticationManager.authenticate(authentication);

            if (debug) {
                logger.debug("Authentication success: " + authResult);
            }

            eventPublisher.publishAuthenticationSuccess(authResult);
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authResult);

        }
    }
    catch (OAuth2Exception failed) {
        SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();

        if (debug) {
            logger.debug("Authentication request failed: " + failed);
        }
        eventPublisher.publishAuthenticationFailure(new BadCredentialsException(failed.getMessage(), failed),
                new PreAuthenticatedAuthenticationToken("access-token", "N/A"));

        authenticationEntryPoint.commence(request, response,
                new InsufficientAuthenticationException(failed.getMessage(), failed));

        return;
    }

    chain.doFilter(request, response);
}

这里会通过 org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.authentication.BearerTokenExtractor#extract 来获取请求 header 中的 token 信息（如 Bearer 2c563440-bdd8-48a0-afca-f4ceb18c20ae）

public Authentication extract(HttpServletRequest request) {
    String tokenValue = extractToken(request);
    if (tokenValue != null) {
        PreAuthenticatedAuthenticationToken authentication = new PreAuthenticatedAuthenticationToken(tokenValue, "");
        return authentication;
    }
    return null;
}

如果能获取并正确解析，则按照已授权一路通行无阻，在具体的业务代码中还能获取到当前登录用户信息。

如果没有获取到 token 或解析失败，则按照未授权路线，判断当前访问的 url 是否允许匿名访问（可以看之前的文章，怎么配置匿名访问资源），如果不允许则抛出 AccessDenied 异常，这个过程是通过下面的代码实现的。

org.springframework.security.web.access.expression.WebExpressionVoter#vote

public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,
        Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException {
    int deny = 0;

    for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) {
        int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, configAttributes);

        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result);
        }

        switch (result) {
        case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED:
            return;

        case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED:
            deny++;

            break;

        default:
            break;
        }
    }

    if (deny > 0) {
        throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(
                "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied"));
    }

    // To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained
    checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions();
}

public int vote(Authentication authentication, FilterInvocation fi,
        Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) {
    assert authentication != null;
    assert fi != null;
    assert attributes != null;

    WebExpressionConfigAttribute weca = findConfigAttribute(attributes);

    if (weca == null) {
        return ACCESS_ABSTAIN;
    }

    EvaluationContext ctx = expressionHandler.createEvaluationContext(authentication,
            fi);
    ctx = weca.postProcess(ctx, fi);

    return ExpressionUtils.evaluateAsBoolean(weca.getAuthorizeExpression(), ctx) ? ACCESS_GRANTED
            : ACCESS_DENIED;
}

等到 ExceptionTranslationFilter 过滤器中时，如果发现有异常，直接调用 AuthenticationEntryPoint#commence 来处理，这里也很重要，给了我们一个可以自己处理异常的机会。

org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter#sendStartAuthentication

protected void sendStartAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
        HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain,
        AuthenticationException reason) throws ServletException, IOException {
    // SEC-112: Clear the SecurityContextHolder's Authentication, as the
    // existing Authentication is no longer considered valid
    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(null);
    requestCache.saveRequest(request, response);
    logger.debug("Calling Authentication entry point.");
    authenticationEntryPoint.commence(request, response, reason);
}

就像这里的 ResourceAuthExceptionEntryPoint 是我们自定义的处理类

@Slf4j
@Component
@AllArgsConstructor
public class ResourceAuthExceptionEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {
	private final ObjectMapper objectMapper;

	@Override
	@SneakyThrows
	public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
						 AuthenticationException authException) {
		response.setCharacterEncoding(CommonConstants.UTF8);
		response.setContentType(CommonConstants.CONTENT_TYPE);
		R<String> result = new R<>();
		result.setCode(HttpStatus.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED);
		if (authException != null) {
			result.setMsg("error");
			result.setData(authException.getMessage());
		}
		response.setStatus(HttpStatus.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED);
		PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter();
		printWriter.append(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(result));
	}
}

可以返回一个自定义的 json 对象（一般前后端分离的项目中，都是 ajax 交互，所以 json 对象是最通用的数据结构）

{
    "code": 401,
    "msg": "error",
    "data": "Full authentication is required to access this resource"
}

这样在终端获取到 401 的 code 时，可以通过全局拦截的配置（比如 axios），控制页面跳转到登录页

// HTTPresponse拦截
axios.interceptors.response.use(res => {
  const status = Number(res.status) || 200
  const message = res.data.msg || errorCode[status] || errorCode['default']
  if (status === 401) {
    store.dispatch('FedLogOut').then(() => {
      router.push({path: '/login'})
    })
    return
  }
}, error => {
  return Promise.reject(new Error(error))
})

好了，到这里，我们把一次页面请求的权限验证过程解析完了，能更清晰的认识 OAuth 的授权和验证原理了。